Component
component
edge
- hosts running applications: end system
- client and server
- p2p model
- service: connection-oritented service, connectionless service
core
- routers, interconnected networks
business
- Tier 1 ISP: big network company in each country, Internet backbone providers
- direct connect with other tier 1
- connected to large number of tier-2
- international in coverage
- do not buy transit from another provider
- vertically intergrated: sell services to customers,
- no single tier-1 ISP can reach the whole Internet, it only peer with Tier-1
- Tier 2 ISP:
- customers of Tier-1, provider of customers, peers with other tier-2
- why buy transit from tier-1 provide:
- usually reginal network and have limited resource
- need route traffic through Tier-1 ISP to reach a large protion of network
- why tie2 peer with each other
- exchanging traffic with a peer, reduce money
- improve performance
- open peering policy: peer with anyone possible, costs of peering have to be balanced against gains for a Tier-2 ISP.
- management cost: send approx equal amount of traffic to each other - matinentance cost: transmission capacity to meeting point, extra equipment - content providers:
- do not sell transit
-
- focus on content creation, no peering
-
- large-scale players: open peering policy